Snow Observations List

We were the first to arrive at the bottom of Lulu Pass this morning and observed 3 natural avalanches on E and NE aspects of Henderson Mountain. The turn off from HWY 212 towards Lulu pass had received 4-6in of low density snow the night before, the bottom of Henderson Bench had only received 2-3in, but some areas on the trail had pockets of blown in snow around 6in deep in drifts. Hand pits quickly showed that the new snow was sitting on our thin base of faceted snow and surface hoar. The avalanches appeared to release from small cornice collapses on the ridge of Henderson Mountain. 

Toured on a lower shoulder on the east side of Cedar Mtn from approx 8600-9600 ft. We found a little bit more of a supportable slab than we've been seeing on other recent field days (Taylor Fork, Bacon Rind, Beehive Basin) but still not enough slab cohesion for propagation in Extended Column Tests. Dug five pits between 9000 and 9500 ft on SE, E, and N aspects - got a mixture of ECTX and ECTN results. Snowpack ranged from 1-2.5 ft deep. The snowpack was generally supportable on skis, but stepping out of skis we plunged to the ground. Light snow fell throughout the afternoon with little accumulation.

We rode into Taylor Fork towards Carrot Basin today. What we found was a snowpack that was mostly top-to-bottom facets, similar to what we are seeing in the rest of the advisory area. If we stepped off our sleds we would sink through the entire snowpack in any areas with undisturbed snow. We wallowed out to the wilderness boundary and dug on a SW-facing slope at 8800'. The structure of the snowpack was quite poor and we saw ECTX results as there is no slab above this weak snow, as snow returns this weekend into next week that will likely change. Overall the structure in Taylor Fork is very poor, while there may be isolated areas where a slab above weak snow exists, we did not find that setup during our ride today. 

I was skinning (north of Buck Ridge, east of first yellow mule) on relatively flat terrain up to where I often ski and unexpectedly encountered 4 whumfs. About 10 inches into the snow pack I could feel a slab with my pole that was only a few inches from the ground.  I went home.

We toured into Bacon Rind which involved navigating downfall at the start which became easier as the snow got deeper. We found 2 feet of snow on the ground, all of it sugary facets capped with big feathers of surface hoar. We had no whumpfing or cracking and saw no avalanches. We dug 2 snowpits and got no breaks in our stability test because the weak, sugary snow did not have a denser slab sitting above it (ECTX). The danger is LOW, yet new snow, even a small amount, may ramp the danger up. For now, it is weak and stable. The skiing progressively got worse as we descended, which was no surprise. 

Advanced surface hoar lower elevation on buck. East aspect in the trees. Isolation In higher elevations.

We went south of Cooke City today and toured up Republic Creak towards Woody Ridge. Stepping off the skin track ski penetration was quite noticeable, sinking 6" or more and breaking trail through loud faceted snow. We began ascending the slope and found an area on a northwest-facing slope at 9300' to dig and assess the snowpack before continuing on steep potentially wind-loaded terrain. In our snowpit, we had ECTN 21/ECTP 22 results, we did another stability test with ECTN22 results on the same layer. 

We continued until we reached an area that had been previously wind-loaded and a cohesive slab could be felt. The depth of the snow never rarely exceeded the length of a ski pole so we were able to probe the snow to assess whether or not a slab was present. In one snow pit, we saw propagation, ECTP21, but just ten feet over stability tests yielded ECTX results. Walking around the area it seemed like this was an isolated case where a slab was present. 

After all this assessment we felt it was appropriate to enter avalanche terrain while maintaining good travel protocols by only exposing one person at a time on the slope and keeping eyes on each other from a safe location. While exiting the creek bottom I did remotely trigger a very small slab while crossing a snow bridge. 

We toured into Beehive Basin and up and over to Bear Basin. The snowpack was thin, a maximum of two feet deep, and it has entirely transformed into piles of weak facets. Off the established skin track, we were breaking through the snowpack nearly to the ground in this weak snow except where melt freeze crusts supported our skis. We were hunting for slopes that still had a cohesive slab above the sugar and couldn't find it ourselves. We dug four snowpits and found non-propagating failures or ECTX results. We performed a PST in our pit below the cornice line in Bear Basin to see if we could get the last trace of a slab to propagate failure and got non-propagating slab fracture results. 

We did talk to a skier who went farther up the ridge toward Middle Peak. Also hunting for instability, he found one spot with enough of an overlying slab to get propagating test results once, but could not reproduce them in that pit or anywhere else. 

Other than watching out for thin snow cover and rocks, we will continue to monitor the snow under our feet as we travel for changes and isolated instability where the slab remains sufficiently intact to produce an avalanche. 

Still getting collapsing/ whumphing of the snowpack in isolated areas around Cooke City.  

We experienced about 4 good collapses on Monday north of town (with approximate diameters about 25-30').

And noted where a natural cornice fall had triggered a small slab avalanche about 30' wide. 

Toured into Horse Creek Divide up Jardine, observed several natural avalanches on North facing slopes. Avalanches had broke in the last week. Most avalanche activity was on North slopes between 9300 and 9800 ft. From a distance looks like they broke 2-3 feet deep and ran 300-600 feet. Opted to stick to low angle terrain, but had big shooting cracks and large whumpfs, especially above 9000 ft. Snowpack in Jardine closely resembles what I have seen South of Cooke City this year. 

We rode north of Cooke City today. The first stop was Scotch Bonnet, and just stepping off the snowmachines we were sinking through the upper portion of the snowpack. Here we transitioned to skis and started ascending, much of the tour was on a supportable crust with faceted weak snow below. Using a ski pole to probe during the accent we didn't find evidence of a cohesive slab below our feet.  At 10000' on the SW side of the mountain, we dug and did not have propagating results in stability tests (HS: 74, ECTN 28, below the early December storm). We continued and wrapped around to the SE side of the mountain and dug again. This slope had been previously wind-loaded and had more of a cohesive slab above weak snow. Again, we had no propagation in stability tests, ECTN 21, but the poor structure and the presence of a cohesive slab were enough for us to retreat to a different ski run where no slab could be found. 

North of Sheep Mountain we dug again on a north-facing slope at 9600' and saw similarly poor structure and stability test results as we did on the southeast side of Scotch Bonnet. While this slope wasn't wind-loaded it likely received more snow during the previous storm cycles, and was the deepest snow we saw today, 106 cm.

On every slope, we found surface hoar, even at ridgelines. 

Skied in Hyalite today around 8200ft on some east-facing slopes adjacent to the creek. 

HS 25-35cm. Facets on top of depth hoar.

On our first few laps, we did not observe any signs of instability. 

We moved to another, slightly steeper area about 400 yards to the south and dug a pit on a 24-degree E-facing slope. ECTN27 up 15cm on a slight density change between the F hard depth hoar and F+ facets above. When we were almost at the top, I experienced a large, audible collapse and shooting cracks in a 10ft radius around me (picture attached). I dug a hand pit and did not observe any significant differences in snow structure or hardness from our test pit location.

We chose to transition and ski from that point. As I began to ski, the slope in front of me collapsed, with shooting cracks about 25ft in length. Both my partner and I experienced collapses the entire way down the slope while skiing.

From email: "We skinned up the west ridge and dug a pit at 9000' on an east aspect. HS50cm. Extended column test did not show propagation. Column test CT 13@40, Q3, CT17@18, Q3. Snowpack structure is very poor. We did not find a slab on the slope we dug on. 50-40cm was new snow from last weekend's snow, 40-18 was F-4F Facets, and 18-0 is depth hoar. Depth hoar was cup-shaped and had visible striations. Route finding while skinning up to the ridge was very difficult due to low snow coverage and downfall. High clouds in the AM gave way to mostly sunny skies around 12. We saw small rollerballs, and the snow surface was starting to get moist as the sun poked out. We saw one point release avalanche on the west aspect of the basin in steep terrain that looked like it released during the 12/23-12/24 snowfall. We had the occasional collapse/whumpf while skinning on the ridge but it wasn't widespread. "

Toured just inside the park west of Cooke. Lots of wumphing that often propagated 20-30’ around us. Observed above 8000’. Our travel was mostly on S to E aspects. 

I went on a little Nordic ski up to heather lake today. Up higher the snowpack is so weak it could barely support my 150 lb body on skis, and I spent a great deal of time wallowing through two feet of facets. There was a widespread, thin layer of hoar frost throughout a good deal of the basin, mainly out in the open. I got one relatively large collapse as I stepped out in the open near heather lake, and then 5-6 smaller ones as I looped around above it.

Snowcover on the road is significantly worse than our last visit 10 days ago. Many bare patches on the way in and more by the time we were heading out. Overheated the sleds many times. Would recommend avoiding until it snows again. Parked at the motorized boundary and climbed and descended the east face.

There was a recent avalanche low on the east face. It appeared to have broken naturally during the downhill wind event on Monday. A 6-8" deep wind slab broke over facets approximately 100 ft wide and ran 100 vertical feet. 

Climbed above the slide and dug a bit higher on of the east face (8000 ft). The slab had broken down a bit over the last week and would no longer propagate in an Extended Column Test (ECTN14 beneath the highest melt-freeze crust and ECTX on the facets lower down). 

Areas that still have a substantial slab over the ubiquitous weak layers are of the most concern. Look and feel for this cohesive slab before committing to steep terrain. 

Rode in to put up the Taylor Fork weather station on Pika Point. Coverage on the road down low is thin, but just barely doable. 

Dug a pit on an E aspect in Sunlight Basin at ~9500 ft. The entire two foot deep snowpack was weak and faceted. Even the new snow that fell last weekend is beginning to facet and surface hoar is growing on top. The slab has broken down enough that we couldn't get it propagate in an ECT (ECTN17 & ECTX) and the slab fractured in a PST (PST15/100 SF). We also dug a quick pit on the headwall in Carrot Basin and found a similarly weak ~2ft deep snowpack.

The chief concern right now would be finding a spot that does have an intact slab, most likely in a windloaded area. 

I toured up the private property line to the ridge between Beehive and Bear Basin, I skied partway down into Bear Basin from where the prayer flags used to be. I was breaking trail back up and Clyde (dog) was wallowing in the facets so I gave a big jump to try to pack in the skin track better for him and got a nice whumph, cracks shooting out about 10'. Some slopes had fresher snow forming a slab over facets, some slopes had more facets than slab, the west side going back into Beehive had a stout melt freeze crust underneath a few inches of snow. I didn't go looking for buried surface hoar so I can neither confirm or deny its existence.

We toured up Lionhead Ridge from Targhee Pass for a nice Xmas day tour.  Was a calm and comfortable day.  Just beyond the first large opening above 8200', I veered off the existing skin track and experienced a sizeable collapse on the NE side of the ridge.  I'd estimate the collapse extended roughly 30 feet in either direction.  I continued along this path and experienced one additional collapse.  Fun day out.  We did manage to find some supportable soft snow on the shadier side of the compass (NE to E aspect) from 8200' down to 7600' for some fun turns.

Skied in Hyalite around ~8000ft on E and NE aspects. Clear skies, calm winds, beautiful day.

HS ~40cm, composed entirely of basal facets and storm snow. Was easily able to put my poles to the ground basket side down.

Despite the unconsolidated snowpack, I had 25+ significant collapses while breaking trail, with shooting cracks up to 50ft long. The collapses created visible waves on the surface of the snow and shook small trees and weeds sticking through.